.1.) have a+名詞,表示某種病 have a cough咳嗽

2.)sore也可表疾病 have a sore back\/throat背疼\/喉嚨痛

3. need有兩種詞性,實義動詞和情態動詞

實義動詞:1. need sth 2. need (sb) to do 3. don’t need.....

情態動詞:1. need+原型

2. Need I ....? 肯 Yes,you must. 否 No, you needn’t.

4.see sb do sth看見某人做某事(強調全過程)

see sb doing sth看見某人正在做某事(強調正在發生)

5.expect sth期待某物 agree with sb同意某人

expect(sb) to do 期待做某事 agree to do同意做某事

expect+that從句 期待 agree+that從句

6.have trouble\/problems in doing sth 做某事有困難

7.trouble用法:

1).be in trouble處於困境

2).get(sb) into trouble(使某人)陷入困境

8.片語辨析:used to do過去常常 be used to doing習慣於做

9.so...that+從句 如此...以至於

so that為了,目的是 引導目的狀語從句(當主句主語與從句主語一致時可用in order to)

Eg: He works hard so that he can succeed=He works hard in order to succeed.

10.What’s the meaning of...?=What does...mean?

....的意思是什麼?

11.反身代詞:myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves

teach oneself,enjoy oneself,dress oneself,introduce oneself,

help oneself

12.躺:lie-lay-lain-lying 說謊:lie-lied-lied-lying

下蛋:lay-laid-laid-laying

(規則的撒謊,不規則的躺,躺過就下蛋)

Unit 2 I ’ll help to clean up the city parks.

一、重點短語

1. Clean-Up Day 清潔日 2. an old people’s home 養老院

3. help out with sth. 幫助解決困難

4. used to do sth.過去常常做某事

5. care for 關心;照顧 6. the look of joy 快樂的表情

7. at the age of 在......歲時 8. clean up 打掃(或清除)乾淨

9. cheer up (使)變得更高興;振奮 10. give out 分發;散發

11. come up with 想出;提出 12. make a plan 制訂計劃

13. make some notices 做些公告牌 14. try out 試用;試行

15. work for 為…工作;為…. 效力

16. put up 建造;舉起;張貼

17. hand out 分發;散發;發給 18. call up 打電話;召集

19. put off 推遲;延遲 20. for example 比如;例如

21. raise money 籌錢;募捐 22. take after 與......相像;像

23. give away 贈送;捐贈 24. fix up 修理;修補;解決

25. be similar to 與……相似 26. set up 建立;設立

27. disabled people 殘疾人 28. make a difference 影響;有作用

29. be able to 能夠

30. after-school reading program課外閱讀專案

31.a feeling of satisfaction滿足感 32.several hours若干小時

33.volunteer to do自願做 34.sick kids生病的孩子

35.homeless people無家可歸的人 36.be busy with sth忙於

37.disabled people殘疾人 38.a trained dog一隻受過訓的狗

39.book lover愛書者 40.think up想出

二、重點語法

1. notice sb do sth注意到某人做過某事,notice sb doing sth注意到某人正在做某事

lonely

孤獨的,寂寞的

adj.

定語,表語

有感情

alone

獨自,單獨

adj.\/adv.

狀語,表語

無感情

3.satisfaction用法:

1.)satisfy v. satisfy sb 使某人滿意

2.)satisfied\/satisfying adj. be satisfied with對...滿意

3.)satisfaction n. to one’s satisfaction令某人滿意

4.owner用法:1.)the owner of...的主人 the owner of the shop

2.)one’s own+名詞 my own shop

5. sick adj. 定語,表語 sickness n.

ill adj. 表語 illness n.

He is ill.=He is sick. Here is a sick dog.

5.raise 及物動詞 rise 不及物動詞

The sun rises. Raise your hands.

6.take after像(品質,外貌)look like像(外貌)

7.imagine+動名詞\/名詞\/代詞 imagine sb doing

8.have trouble\/problems\/difficulty in doing做某事有困難

He has trouble in learning English.

9.形容詞+ness變名詞:

kind-kindness,ill-illness,sick- sickness, sad-sadness, happy-happiness,busy-business,fair-fairness

10.句型辨析:

It is clever\/smart\/kind\/nice\/friendly of sb to 某人做某事是...的

It is +adj+for sb to do 做某事對某人來說是...的

11.change one’s mind改變主意

change green into yellow由綠變黃

12.be interested in=have an interest in 對...感興趣

13. to do不定式用法

作用

例如

作賓語

need\/want\/hope\/expect\/plan\/would like to do

作賓語補足語

ask\/tell\/expect\/allow\/want\/wish sb to do

作狀語

to do表目的

不帶to賓補

see\/hear\/watch\/feel\/notice\/make\/let sb do

Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?

一、重點短語

1.go out for dinner 出去吃飯

2. stay out late 在外面待到很晚

3. go to the movies 看電影 4. take sb. for a walk 帶某人去散步

5.all day\/evening 整曰\/夜 6.do housework 做家務

7. get a ride 搭車 8. work on 從事

9. finish doing sth. 完成做某事 10. clean and tidy 乾淨整潔

11. do the dishes 洗餐具 12. take out the rubbish 倒垃圾

13. fold the clothes 疊衣服 14. sweep the floor 掃地

15. make the bed 整理床鋪 16. as a result結果

17. help out 幫忙 18. get good grades取得好成績

19. throw down 扔下 20.as soon as=the minute 一...就...

21. come over 過來 22.shout back 大聲回應

23.walk away 走開 24.all the time 一直;總是

25.share the housework 分擔家務

26. a comfortable home 一個舒適的家

27.in surprise 驚訝地

28. get something to drink 拿點喝的東西

29.hang out 閒逛 30. watch one show 觀看一個節目

31. pass sb. sth. 把某物傳給某人

32. lend sb. sth. 把某物借給某人

33. get sth. wet 使某物弄溼

34. hate to do sth. 討厭做某事

35. do chores 做雜務

36. help sb. (to ) do \/with sth 幫助某人幹某事

37.bring a tent帶頂帳篷來 38. buy some snacks買些小吃

39. go to the store去商店

40. invite sb. to a party邀請某人參加聚會

41. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事

42. enough stress足夠的壓力

43.a waste of time浪費時間 44. in order to為了

45. provide sb with sth=provide sth for sb

46. mind doing sth. 介意做某事

47. depend on依賴;依靠

48. look after\/take care of 照顧;照看

49. develop children’s independence發展孩子的獨立性

50. do one’s part in (doing ) sth.做某人分內的事

51. come home from school\/ work放學\/下班回家

二、重點語法

1.Could you please(not) do sth ?用於提出請求,希望得到對方肯定回答,語氣較委婉。

肯定回答:Sure.\/ Of course.\/ Certainly.\/No problem.否定回答:Sorry , I can’t. \/ I’m afraid I can’t.

2.(1)neither adv 也不 句子須部分倒裝。此時可用nor替換 neither

I don’t like this dress. 我不喜歡這件連衣裙。Neither \/ Nor do I. 我也不喜歡。

【注意】肯定句:He likes beef..--So do I. 我也喜歡。

(2)neither …nor… 既不…也不…, 連線兩個詞做主語,謂語動詞就近原則

Neither Tom nor I am a student

(3) neither 作代詞表示“兩個都不”它作主語時,謂語動詞常用單數Neither of my parents is at home.

3.borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物(借入)=borrow sb sth

lend sb. sth.= lend sth. to sb. 借給某人某物(借出)

4.need v 需要作實義動詞常用於肯定句

(1)人做主語,sb. need to do sth 某人需要做某事

(2)物做主語,sth need doing = sth need to be done

5.(1) invite sb. to do sth 邀請某人做某事 (2)invite sb. to +地點 邀請某人去某地

6.spend\/pay\/cost\/take 花費

(1)spend→spent→spent v 花費,主語是人

sb.+ spend +時間\/錢+on sth 在某事上花費......

sb. +spend +時間\/錢+(in) doing sth

He spends too much time on the computer games.

(3)pay →paid →paid v 支付,主語是人

sb.+ pay + 錢+for sth I pay 10 yuan for the book.

(3) cost→ cost→ cost v 花費,主語是某物或某事

sth cost sb. +錢 某物花費某人多少錢

A new computer costs me a lot of money.

(4)take→took → taken v 花費

It takes \/took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花費某人多長時間

7. develop v→development n 發展→developing adj. 發展的→developed adj. 發達的

a developing country 一個發展中國家 a developed country 一個發達國家

8.take care of 照顧,take a walk 散步,take away拿走,

take up佔據,take place 發生,take off脫下,take photos照像,

take out取出,take care當心,take medicine服藥,

take one’s temperature量體溫,come back回來,come up with想出,

come true實現, come from來自,come out出來,(花)開

get back 返回,get over 克服,get dressed穿衣,get into進入 get\/be lost丟失,get off\/on下\/上車 get on well with sb.與某人相處得好,get out of從…出來

9.It作形式主語及形式賓語

形式主語:It’s+adj+(for sb) to do It’s no use\/good doing sth

形式賓語:主語+謂語(find,think,make,feel)+it+adj+to do sth

Unit 4 Why don’t you talk to your parents?

一、重點短語

1. have free time(to do)有空閒時間

2. allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事

3. hang out with sb. 與某人閒逛

4. after-school classes課外活動課

5. get into a fight w ith sb. 與某人吵架\/打架

6. until midnight直到半夜

7. talk to sb. 與某人交談 8. too many太多

9. study too much學得過多

10.give one’ s opinion提出某人的觀點

10. get enough sleep有足夠的睡眠

11. write sb. a letter給某人寫信

12. call sb. up打電話給某人 13. surprise sb. 令某人驚訝

14. look through翻看 15. be angry with sb. 生某人的氣

16. a big deal重要的事

17. work out成功地發展;解決

18. get on well with和...友好相處

19. fight a lot經常吵架\/打架

20. hang over籠罩 21. refuse to do sth. 拒絕做某事

22. offer to do sth. 主動提出做某事 23. so that以便

24. mind sb. doing sth. 介意某人做某事 25. all the time一直

26. in future今後 27. make sb. angry使某人生氣

28. worry about sth. 擔心某事

29. family members 家庭成員

30. copy one’ s homework抄襲某人的作業

31. be oneself做自已

32. spend time alone獨自消磨時光

33. give sb. pressure給某人施壓

34. have a fight w ith sb. 與某人吵架

35. compete w ith sb. 與某人競爭

36. free time activities業餘活動

37. get better grades取得更好的成績

39. learn exam skills學習應試技巧

40. practice sports體育訓練

41. cause stress造成壓力 42. cut out刪除

43.give sth back to sb歸還某人 44.be angry with sb生某人氣

45.communicate with sb和某人交談

46.explain to sb向某人解釋

二、重點語法

1. 提建議的句型

(1) What about doing sth. ?=How about doing sth.?

….怎麼樣?

(2) Why don’t you do sth.?= Why not do sth.? 為什麼不呢?

(3) Let’s do sth. 讓我們一起做某事吧。

(4) Will\/Would you please do sth. 請你做…好嗎?

(5) Would you like to do sth.? 你想去做某事嗎?

(6) Would you mind doing sth.?你介意做某事嗎?

(7) Shall we do sth.? 我們做…好嗎?

(8) had better do\/not do sth. 最好做\/不做某事

2.(1)too many + 複數名詞 許多 too many people

(2)too much +不可數名詞 許多 too much homework

(3)much too +形容詞 太… much too cold

3. (1) allow doing sth 允許做某事

We don’t allow smoking in our house.

(2)allow sb.(not)to do sth. (不)允許某人做某事

My parents don’t allow me to stay up late.

我父母不允許我熬夜。

(3)be allowed to do sth. 被允許做某事

4.系動詞:後跟adj. 作表語

一是:(be) am \/is \/are be quiet=keep quiet 保持安靜

二保持:stay\/keep (表示持續狀態) stay healthy=keep healthy

四變化:become\/get\/turn\/go (表示狀態變化)

五起來:sound\/look\/smell\/taste\/feel (表示感覺)

5.為了:so that+句子

in order to+動詞短語

6.忘記、落下:forget sth\/leave sth +地點

7.動名詞或句子作主語謂語動詞用單三:

Reading books is helpful. What he said is true.

8.Could you please not do sth?

9.Let’s have a break, shall we?

Let us have a break, will you?

Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?

一、重點短語

1. make sure 確信;確認 2. beat against... 拍打… …

3. fall asleep 進人夢鄉;睡著

4. die down 逐漸變弱;逐漸消失

5. wake up 醒來 6. in a mess 一團糟

7. break.. . apart 使……分離

8. in times of difficulty 在困難的時候

9. at the time of 當.......時候

10. go off (鬧鐘)發出響聲、開火、停止執行、離開

11. take a hot shower 洗熱水澡

12. miss the bus 錯過公交車

13. pick up 接電話、撿起、接某人、學到

14. miss the event 錯過這個事件

15. in the area 在這個地區 16. at first 首先;最初

17. by the side of the road 在路邊

18. remember doing sth. 記得做過某事

19. walk by 走路經過

20. make one’s way to. .. 在某人去……的路上

21. for example 例如

22. hear the news 聽到這個訊息

23. important events in history 歷史上的重大事件

24. be killed 被殺害

25.over 50 5 0多(歲) 26. take down 拆除;摧毀

27. on the radio 透過廣播 28. in silence 沉默;無聲

29. more recently 最近地;新近

30.the World Trade Center 世貿中心

31.have a look看一看 32.wait for等待

33.fallen trees歪倒的樹 34.broken windows損壞的窗戶

35.start\/begin to do=start\/begin doing開始做某事

二、重點語法

1. when與while

1)when表時間點或時間段,後接非延續性動詞或延續性動詞

2)while表時間段,後接延續性動詞,多用進行時

過去進行時+while+過去進行時 (表動作對比)

一般過去時+while+過去進行時

2.beat+人、團隊“打敗” win+比賽、獎項“贏得”

3.be against反對,be for支援

4.fall asleep入睡,強調動作;be asleep睡著,強調狀態

rise

升起,上升

主語自身提高

Prices rise.

raise

舉起,提高

主語作用於其他事物

Raise our glasses.

5.過去進行時:

結構:was\/were+doing

標誌詞:this time+過去時間,時間點+過去時間

at that time,at that moment,then,at the time of

6.詞性轉換

strange-stranger heavy-heavily wind-windy sleep-asleep

report-reporter ice-icy complete-completely silence-silent

recent-recently true-truth die-dying fall-fallen

break-broken beat-beat rise-rose

Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains

一、重點短語

1. work on doing sth. 致力於做某事

2. as soon as ...... 一……就…....

3. once upon a time = long long ago 從前

4. continue to do sth. 繼續做某事

5. make sth. happen 使某事發生

6.try to do sth. 試圖、盡力做某事

7. the journey to sp. ......之旅 8. tell a story\/ stories 講故事

9. put on 穿上

10.find one’s way home 找到某人回家的路

11. a little bit silly有點蠢

12.walk to the other side 走到另一邊去

13. instead of 代替;反而

14.in the moonlight 在月光下

15. get married( to sb) 結婚

16. be able to do sth. 能做;會做

17. the main character 主要人物;主人公

18. at other times 在另外一些時候

19. a fairy tale 一個神話故事

20. come out (書、電影等)出版

21. turn .. . into 變成

22. become interested in (doing) sth. 對(做)……感興趣

23. get lost 迷路

24. the rest of the story 故事的其餘部分

25. the next day 第二天

26. leave sb. to do sth. 讓某人做某事

27. make a plan to do sth. 籌劃\/計劃做某事

28. go to sleep 去睡覺

29. lead sb. to sp. 把某人領到某地

30. change one’s plan 改變計劃

31. tell sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事

32. keep doing sth. 堅持做某事

33. give up (doing) sth. 放棄(做)某事

34. send sb. to sp. 派某人去某地

35.hear sb doing聽到某人正在做某事

二、重點語法

1.remind 的用法

1) remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起...

e.g. This book reminds me of my childhood.

這本書讓我想起了我的童年。

2)remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人去做某事

e.g. My mother always reminds me to come back early.

我媽媽總是提醒我早點回家。

3).remind+that從句

e.g: The story reminds me that we should be honest.

這故事提醒我們應誠實。

2.seem意為“似乎;好像”,其常見用法現歸納如下:

3.1)“主語+ seem +(to be )+表語”,表語多為名詞或形容詞

例如:Tom seems (to be ) a very clever boy.

湯姆看上去是一個非常聰明的男孩。

The man seems to be a new teacher.

那個人看上去像一個新老師。

2)“主語+ seem + 不定式”

例如:Mrs Green doesn’t seem(或seems not )to like the idea. 格林夫人似乎不太喜歡這個主意。

The children seemed to be eating something in the room.

孩子們好像正在房間裡吃東西呢

3)“It seems + that從句”,其中it 是形式主語,that引導主語從句。例如:It seems that Mr Brown will not come again.

在我看來布朗先生不會再來了。

4.辨析 1)say作及物動詞,著重說話的內容,賓語可以是名詞,代 詞或賓語從句.

5.eg:He can say his name.他會說他的名字.

Please say it in English.請用英語用.

2)speak強調說的動作,不強調所說的內容,常以某種,語言作賓語.還可用於在較為正式的場合了表演講或演說.常見的搭配形式有:speak to sb speak+語言

Can you speak Japanese?你會說日語嗎?

She is speaking to her teacher.她正在跟她的老師說話.

He spoke at the meeting yesterday.他昨天在會上講了話.

3)talk 一般為不及物動詞,意思是“交談,談話,著重強調兩具之間的相互說話.

talk to sb, talk with sb, talk about sth

3)tell常作及物動詞,意為“講述,告訴,動詞常跟雙賓語.

tell sb sth=tell sth to sb告訴某人某事.

4.狀語從句:時間狀語從句(as soon as)、條件狀語從句(unless)、結果狀語從句(so...that)

5.連詞:both...and...\/both of...\/either...or\/neither...nor\/not only...but also...

Unit 7 W hat’s the highest mountain in the world?

一、重點短語

1. as big as 與……一樣大

2. feel free to do sth. 隨意地做某事

3. one of the oldest countries 最古老的國家之一

4.risk their lives拿生命冒險

5. as far as I know 據我所知

6.as you can see正如你所看到的

7. be in danger處於危險中

8.live up to活到

9. part of... ...... 的組成部分

10.challenge oneself挑戰自已

11. the highest mountain 最高的山脈

12.stand on two legs 兩條腿站立

13. in the world 在世界上

14. any other mountain 其他任何一座山

15. of all the salt lakes 在所有的鹹水湖中

16. run along 跨越… …

17. freezing weather 冰凍的天氣

18. take in air 呼吸空氣

19. the first people to do sth. 第一個做某事的人

20.another 200 or so

21. in the face of difficulties面臨危險

22. give up doing sth. 放棄做某事

23. achieve one’ s dream 實現某人的夢想

24. even though 雖然;儘管

25. the forces of nature 自然界的力量

26. reach the top 到達頂峰

27. at birth 在出生的時候

28. be awake 醒著

29. fall over 摔倒

30. run over with excitement 興奮地跑過去

31. walk into sb. 撞到某人

32. take care of 照顧;照料

33. every two years 每兩年

34. cut down the forests 砍伐林木

35. endangered animals 瀕危動物

36. fewer and fewer pandas大熊貓越來越少

37. the importance of saving animals 拯救這些動物的重要性 38.die of\/from死於

39.in the remaining forests在剩餘的森林中

40.protect … from…保護

41.in good\/bad condition.

二、重點語法

1.表達事物的長,寬,高,深……? sth. \/sb. +be+數量+單位+形容詞long, wide, tall, deep如:The river is 2 meters deep. Qomolangma is 8,844.43 meters high.

2.問事物的高,深,寬,長,重…?

How high\/tall\/ deep\/ wide\/ long\/heavy is ... ?

It’s...

3.succeed. v. 成功 succeed in doing sth.

He succeeded in finishing the work.

success n. “成功”不可數,

Confidence is the key to success. 自信是成功的關鍵。

successful, adj. 成功的

Successfully adv.成功地

4.花費

1)sb. spend + time\/ money + on sth. \/ in doing sth.

2)sb. pay +money +for sth. 某人為某物支付多少錢

3)It takes sb + time+ to do sth. 花費某人多長時間做

4)sth + cost +money 某物值多少錢。

The book costs ten dollars.

5.prepare 用法

1)prepare to do sth. 準備做某事

2)prepare sth. for sth\/sb... 為……準備某物

3)make preparation(s) for 為…做準備

6.形容詞副詞比較級和最高階。(一) 形容詞比較級的用法

1).形容詞的比較級可以單獨使用:

Be more careful next time. 下次小心點。

Which book is better? 哪本書更好?

2).也可以和than連用,表示兩者相比,than後可以跟:

He is older than me \/ I . 他年齡比我大。

Skiing is more exciting than skating. 滑雪比滑冰更刺激。

I was a better singer than he was. 我唱歌比他好。

3)比較級中為了避免重複,常用one\/that\/those替代名詞。往往指與前面同類而不是同一個的事物。

This pen is shorter than that one.

The weather here is much hotter than that of Shanghai.

The cars made in Tianjin is much more popular than those in Shanghai.

4).形容詞比較級的修飾語

修飾形容詞,副詞比較級的常用修飾詞有: a little, a bit, much, even, still, a lot, any等.

在否定句,疑問句或條件狀語從句中,修飾形容詞,副詞的比較級,只能用any來修飾.

He can't jump any higher. 他不能跳得更高了.

Can he jump any higher? 他能跳得更高一些嗎?

Do you feel any better today? 你今天感覺好一點了嗎?

句型1:as+形容詞原形+as

This jacket is as beautiful as that one.

句型2. not as\/so+形容詞原形+as “前者不及/不如 後者

表達前者不如後者還可以用:less +原級+than

This school is less beautiful than that one.

句型3 :1)表示“是......的幾倍時” ......倍數+as 原級as.......

This garden is ten times as large as that one。

這個花園是那個的九倍大。

倍數的表達:once ; twice ; three times; four times.......

2)表示“比...多幾倍” 倍數 + 比較級+than ....

His garden is 9 times larger than that one.他花園比那個大九倍。

句型4 :比較級+than any other+單數名詞

“比其他的任何一個...”

He is taller than any other boy in his class.

比較級+than the other+複數名詞 “比其他的...”

He is taller than the other boys in his class.

句型5 :the +比較級+of the two…(the twins.) “兩個中較....”

Amy is the shorter of the two girls.

句型6 :(單音節)比較級 + and + 比較級”

(多音節)“more and more +原級”, 越來越……

better and better fatter and fatter more and more beautiful

句型7 :the 比較級+句子,the 比較級+句子 越……, 越……

The harder you study, the better grades you will get.

(二)最高階的使用 形容詞的最高階要加定冠詞the , 副詞最高階可省略the,

句型1:the+最高階+ of \/in+範圍

My mother is the busiest in my family

Jim works hardest of us all.

句型2 :One of+the+最高階+名詞複數 “最……的……之一”

One of the most important languages is English.

最重要的語言之一是英語。

句型3 the+序數詞+最高階+單數名詞+in短語 “第幾最…”

The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.

(三)、形容詞的比較等級和最高等級:

形容詞的比較級和最高階的構成規則變化:

1單音節詞和少數雙音節詞的比較級和最高階的構成.

情況

構成方式

原級

比較級

最高階

一般情況

加-er或-est

new

long

newer

longer

newest

longest

以e 結尾的詞

加-r或-st

fine

late

finer

later

finest

latest

以“子音+y” 結尾的詞

變y為i再加-er 或-est

early

happy

earlier

happier

earliest

happiest

重讀閉音節的詞末尾

只有一個子音字母

先雙寫子音字母,

再加-er或-est

hot

thin

fat

hotter

thinner

fatter

hottest

thinnest

fattest

2.多音節詞和部分雙音節詞在其前面加more或 most。如:interesting-more interesting-most interesting

3.有幾個形容詞的比較級和最高階屬於不規則變化:

好:good\/well-better-best

壞:bad\/badly-worse-worst

多:many\/much-more-most

少:little-less-least

遠:far-farther-farthest

Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?

一、重點短語

1.such as例如

2. the marks of another man‘s feet 另一個人的腳印

3.more than超出

4.the southern states of America美國的南部地區

5. belong to 屬於

6. an island full of treasures 一個滿是寶藏的島嶼

7.grow up長大

8.signs left behind by someone某人留下的標記

9.give up放棄

10. a good way to wake up 醒來的一個好辦法

11.wait for等待

12. go to the movies=see the film看電影

13.at least至少

14.can’ t wait to do sth. 迫不及待地做某事

15.think about考慮

16.grow fru its and vegetables 種水果和蔬菜

17.a kind of一種

18.wait for another ship 等待另一艘船到來

19. hurry up 趕快;匆忙

20.do some research on sth. 對……做研究

21.put...down放下 記下

22. at the end of the day在一天結束的時候

23. on page 25 在第25頁

24. the firs t line in the song歌曲的第一行

25. go out to sea 出海

26.fight over=fight about因…而爭吵

27.in two weeks 在兩週之內

28.be kind to each other 善待彼此

29.on the radio透過收音機

30.each other=one another彼此;相互

31.run towards sp. 跑向某地

32.in the middle of the sea在海中央

33. science fiction 科幻小說

34.use... to do sth. 用……來做某事

35. number of people 人數

36. the important of… ….的重要性

37. trust one another 互相信任

38. the beauty of nature 大自然的美

39. come to realize 開始意識到

40. not long after that 不久之後

41. have been to sp. 去過某地

42. a few weeks ago 幾個星期前

43. hope to do sth. 希望做某事

44.. see sb. do sth. 看到某人做某事

45. enjoy success in享受…的成功

46. used to do sth. (過去)常常做某事

47. the back of the book 書的背面

48.cut down trees砍倒樹

49. w rite about 寫作關於……的內容

50..country music鄉村音樂

51. read the newspaper 看報

52.a piece of land一塊陸地

53.. learn to do sth. 學會做某事

54.finish doing sth. 做完某事

55. study abroad 在國外學習

56. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事

57. ever since then 自從那時起

58.on the island在島上

59.have nothing什麼也沒有

60.bring back帶回

61.on the sand在沙灘上

62.leave behind遺忘;留下

63. find out找出;查出

64.a bit boring 有點無聊

65.a few weeks ago幾周前

66.ever since自從

67.full of 滿是….;

68.trust one another相互信任

69.another+單數名詞“另一個...”

another+數詞+複數名詞=數詞+more複數名詞“另外的幾個...”

二、重點語法

1.現在完成時

1)定義:過去發生的動作對現在造成的影響或結果。

例:—Have you had breakfast yet? 你吃過早飯了嗎?

—Yes, I have. I’ve had it.是的,我吃過了(現在我不餓了)

I’ve already read the book. 我已經讀過這本書了(瞭解了書的內容)

2)結構:助動詞have\/has+動詞的過去分詞

3)句型:

①肯定句:主語+have\/has+過去分詞+其他.

例:I have found my pen.我找到我的鋼筆了。

②否定句:主語+have\/has+not+過去分詞+其他。

例:I haven’t found my pen.我還沒有找到我的鋼筆。

③一般疑問句:Have\/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他?

例:—Have you found your pen?你找到你的鋼筆了嗎?

肯定回答:Yes, 主語+have\/has.

否定回答:No, 主語+haven’t\/hasn’t.

4)動詞過去分詞的變化規則

一般動詞過去分詞的構成與過去式的構成相同。不規則動詞的過去分詞136頁特殊記憶。

5)常用標誌詞語:

already(已經),never(從未),ever(曾經),just(剛剛),

before(以前),so far(到目前為止),yet(還,已經)等。

①just常用於肯定句中,放在have \/ has後

He has just come .

②never表示否定,放在have \/ has後

He has never visited the Great Wall.

③ever用於疑問句中,用於詢問某人過去的經歷。

Have you ever been to the farm?

④before用於句末

The woman has never heard of that before.

⑤yet疑問句或否定句句尾.

Has the train arrived yet? No, not yet.

⑥already用於肯定句, have \/ has之後或句末.

We have already finished it.

⑦so far用於句首或句末.

So far, we have visited the moon.

6)already與yet的用法:

①already與yet都有“已經”的意思,但already常用於肯定句中,放在助動詞have\/has之後,過去分詞之前;yet常用於疑問句中,並用於句末。

例:I’ve already seen the film.我已經看過這部電影。

Have you seen the film yet?你已經看過這部電影了嗎?

②yet用於否定句中,意為“還(沒);尚(未)”,通常位於句末。

例:I haven’t seen the film yet. 我還未看過這部電影。

③already與yet的轉換:

現在完成時中,含有already的陳述句變為否定句或疑問句時,要把already改為yet,並放於句末。

例:I have already finished reading the book.我已經讀完這本書了。

變為否定句:

I haven’t finished reading the book yet . 我還沒有讀完這本書。

變成疑問句:

Have you finished reading the book yet? 你已經讀完這本書了嗎?

7)since與for的用法(How long提問)

①since+過去一個時間點,如具體的年月、星期、小時。eg:1990、last night、half past six

例: I have been here since 1990. 我自1990年以來一直在這裡

②since+一段時間+ago,表示“自···時間前開始至今”

例:He has been here since five years ago. 他在這兒已經有5年了

③since+一般過去時從句

例:Many things have changed since you left.

自從你走後許多事情發生了變化

④It is +時間段+since+一般過去時從句

例:It is ten years since he studied English.

⑤for+時間段

例:I have been in the new school for a week.

8)延續性動詞和非延續性動詞轉換:

nborrow\/lend have(has) kept

nbuy have(has) had\/owned

ndie have(has) been dead

nbegin\/start have(has) been on

nfinish\/end have(has) been over

nopen have(has) been open

nclose have(has) been closed

nfall asleep have(has) been asleep

ngo to sleep have(has) been asleep

nbecome have(has) been

nleave have(has) been away (from)

nget married\/marry have(has) been married

njoin have(has) been a member of

have(has) been in

ncatch a cold have(has) had a cold

nmove\/come\/go to \/reach\/\/get to\/arrive have(has) been in\/at

nreturn\/go back\/come back have(has) beenback

注意:how long, since,for與現在完成時連用時動詞要用延續性動詞

9)have been to\/gone to\/been in的區別

have been to強調“曾經去過…”現已不在那裡,已經回來了,後面可接表示“次數”的狀語

have gone to主要強調的是“去了…”,可能在去的途中,或在去的目的地。

have been in“在某地待了多久”

Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum?

一、詞性變化

nation(n)國家→ national(adj.)國家的

amusement(n.)娛樂,遊戲→ amuse(v.)娛樂,消遣

invention (n.)發明 → inventor(n.)發明家 →invent(v.)發明

believable (adj.) 可相信的 → unbelievable(adj.)難以置信的

social(adj.)社會的 → society(n.) 社會

perform(v.)→ performance(n.)表演→performer(n.)表演者

collect(v.)收集→collection收藏 → collector(n.)收藏家

enjoyable(adj.)愉快的,快樂的 → enjo y(v.)享受,欣賞,喜歡

二、重點短語

1. at night在夜晚

2.make(great) progress (in sth\/doing sth )在某方面取得進步

3.tea sets 茶具

4. on the one hand... on the other hand.一方面,另一方面

5.hear of 聽說

6.be excellent in sth\/doing sth 在….方面極好

7.in the past 在過去

8.make a perfect cup of tea沏一杯完美的茶

9.in the dark 在黑暗中

10.an English-speaking country一個講英語的國家

11.lead to 導致,通往

12.go somewhere different去不同的地方

13.put up a tent搭帳篷

14.have problem doing sth. 做某事很困難

15.be far from 離……遠

16.a nice place to enjoy tea 一個品茶的好地方

17.go skating 去滑冰

18.camp in the mountains 在大山裡露營

19.all year round一年到頭;終年

20. in such a rapid way 以如此迅猛的方式

21.right now 現在;目前

22.the tea art performances茶藝表演

23.a couple of 幾個

24.different kinds of各種各樣的

25.whether…or...不管...還是

26.during\/in the daytime在白天

27.fear to do sth 害怕幹某事

28.natural environment自然的環境

29.close to 接近,靠近

30.a great way to do sth幹某事好方法

31.three quarters 四分之三

32.social groups 社會團體

33.the Bird’s Nest鳥巢

34.take the subway 坐地鐵

35.encourage sb. to do sth.鼓勵某人做某事

36.take a ride兜風

37.the Terracotta Army 兵馬俑

38.amusement park 遊樂園

39. learn about sth.解有關…的情況

40.development of toilets 廁所的發展

41.thousands of 數以千計的

42.Southeast Asia東南亞

43. have a great\/good\/wonderful time玩的高興

= have fun=enjoy oneself

44.have a great\/good\/wonderful time doing sth

= have fun doing sth做某事很開心

三、語法知識

1. 在英語中,表示“也”的知識歸納如下:

He is a good student.Me too.=So am I =I’m a good student, too.

2.英語中分數表達法為:

子基母序,先分子後分母,分子大於1時,分母加“s”

如: four sixths 六分之四 one third三分之一

(注意:分數作主語時,謂語動詞的單複數要與其後的名詞的數保持一致。)

3. have\/has been to+ 地方“表示曾經去過某地”(現在已經回來了)

have\/has gone to+ 地方“表示已經去了某地”

have\/has been in \/at+ 地方 在某地待了多久

(注意:have\/has been\/gone to 後加home, there, here,則不用to)

如: He have gone home.他回家了。

4. (1) Let’s 中的us 包括對方,反意疑問句用 shall we

Let’s go and listen to the music, shall we?

(2)Let us 不包括對方, 反意疑問句用will you

Let us wait for you in the reading room, will you?

5. 【反意疑問句】

(1)定義:即附加疑問句。表示提問人的看法,沒有把握,需要對方證實。

(2)結構:陳述句 + 附加疑問句?It’s hot today ,isn’t it ?

(3)原則:1.前肯後否,前否後肯 2.前名後代

3.前be後be,前情後情,前實後助 4.時態一致

6. invent v. 發明→inventor n. 發明家→ invention n.發明

【記】Edison , a great inventor, invented over 1’000 inventions all his life.(invent)

invent

發明

指事物從無到有(客觀上沒有)

discover

發現

強調事物本身存在,從“未知”到“已知”(客觀上存在)

7.lead →led→ led v引導,引誘 → leader n 領導人

(1)lead to sth 導致……通往

All roads lead to Rome. 條條大路通羅馬

(2) lead sb. to sw 引導某人去某地

(3) lead sb. to do sth 引導某人幹某事

8. take (took , taken) v 乘, 坐, 搭(車,船)

take the\/a +交通工具+to +地點 take the subway 乘地鐵

乘坐……(放於句中) 動詞短語在句中做謂語

9.put用法

put up 搭起;舉起;張貼 put away 把…收起來 put up 張貼

put on 穿上 put out 熄滅 put…into… 把……放進 put down 放下

10.information資訊;資料

(1) information指電視、電腦或其它雜誌等獲得的資訊,為不可數名詞;

a piece of information 一條資訊

You can get much information on the Internet

(2)message訊息、口信、電報 指書面、口頭、無線電等傳來的資訊,為可數名詞;I’ll leave a message for her. 我將為她留個口信。

(3) news新聞,訊息, 指透過報紙、電臺、電視等新聞媒介報道的最新訊息,為不可數名詞。

a piece of news 一則新聞

No news is good news 沒有訊息就是好訊息

11.rapid adj.迅速的;快速的

12.peaceful adj. 和平的,安寧的

peace n 和平→ peaceful adj. 和平的→ peacefully adv 和平地

beauty n 美麗 →beautiful adj. 美麗help n 幫助→helpful adj. 有幫助的

use n 用途→useful adj. 有用的 thank n感謝 →thankful adj. 感激的

13.(1)listen\/listen to 聽,側重聽的“過程”

(2)hear 聽,側重聽的“結果”

hear sb. do sth 聽見某人做某事

I often hear him sing in the room.

hear sb. doing sth 聽見某人正在做某事

I hear him singing in the room

hear of\/about 聽說

hear from =receive a letter from sb. 收到某人的來信

I’m sorry to hear that.聽到這件事我很難過

1.whenever = no matter when任何時候

whatever,wherever,whoever,however

15.中日永不變,英法a變e,其他加s

國籍

單數

複數

中國人

a Chinese

two Chinese

澳大利亞人

an Australian

two Australians

俄國人

a Russian

two Russians

義大利人

an Italian

two Italians

法國人

a Frenchman

two Frenchmen

日本人

a Japanese

two Japanese

美國人

an American

two Americans

印度人

an Indian

two Indians

加拿大人

a Canadian

two Canadians

德國人

a Germans

two Germans

英國人

an Englishman

two Englishmen

16.rapid強調反應“敏捷”quick強調時間 “短“fast強調速度 “ 快”

Unit 10 I ’ve had this bike for three years.

一、重點短語

1.in need 需要

2.there is no need for sth\/to do sth 沒有必要做某事

3.so far 迄今

4.It’s shame to do sth\/that + 從句 做……遺憾

5.clear out 清理

6.regard with great interest 以極大的興趣關注著

7.check out 察看;觀察

8.these days=nowadays = at present目前;現在

9.give away 捐贈

10.bring back sweet memories 勾起甜美的回憶

11.in order to 為了

12.search for work找工作=look for work

13.grow up 長大

14.not.. any more = no more 不再

15.part with 與……分開

16.no longer= not …any longer 不再

17.do with... 處置;處理

18.for a while = some time 一段時間

19.close to幾乎,接近

20.for the last 13 years 在過去的13年裡

21.regard…as把…看成是

22.the mid-20th century 20世紀中期

23.in my time 在我那個年代

24.across from = opposite 在…對面

25.in one’s opinion 依…看

26.have a yard sale 進行庭院拍賣會

27.stay the same 保持原狀

28.junior high school 初級中學

29.according to 依據;按照

30.seem to do sth 似乎做某事

31.to be honest 說實在的

32.lose one’s memory失去記憶

33.one last thing 最後一樣東西

34.play for a while 玩一會兒

35.bring back 帶回,使回憶起

36.be in need of 需要…

37.board games 棋類遊戲

二、重點語法

1.常見的以How開頭的特殊疑問片語

How long 用來提問多長時間,回答用for或since引導的時間狀語

How often提問的是頻率,意為“多久一次”

How soon 表示“多久以後,多久才”用“in + 一段時間”來回答。

How much可用於提問商品的價格、付款的多少

How much\/How many表示“(數量)多少

How far 表示“(路程或距離)多遠”用表示距離的詞和短語回答

2. 現在完成時

現在完成時態在我們的語言運用過程中,常會發現句中帶有以下四類標誌性的副詞或副詞短語,我們把它稱為現在完成時態的標誌。

①.never,ever,just,yet,before,already ,ever since then;

②.some\/many times,once,twice,基數詞+Times;

③.so far,recently,lately,these days\/weeks\/months\/years,

(in) the last \/past few days\/months\/years;

④.for+時間段,since+時間點,since +從句(過去時);

3. 當句中有for+時間段,since+時間點,how long 時,要求:have\/has + 過去分詞(動詞必須是延續性動詞),瞬間動詞不能直接和for 或since 連用,但我們可以找一個相應的延續性動詞或動詞短語來替換這些瞬間動詞。

4.keep (kept ; kept)保留

用作系動詞,保持(某種狀態),其後常接形容詞作表語。

Please keep quiet \/ silent! 請安靜!

用作實義動詞

(1)保管;儲存;保留

Please keep these things for me while I am away.

(2)贍養;飼養 I used to keep sheep in my childhood.

(3)堅持;繼續 接V-ing 形式作賓語。

If you keep practicing your spoken English.

(4)阻止;阻礙 keep sb\/sth from doing sth 其中介詞 from 不能省略

The heavy rain didn't keep them from watching the football match.

(5)保持 加賓語+賓語補足語,表示使(某人或某物)保持某種狀態或使某一動作繼續。

① keep + sb\/sth + 介詞

If your hands are cold, keep them in your pockets.

② keep + sb\/sth + 形容詞

These gloves will keep your hands warm.

③ keep + sb\/sth + V-ing ,“讓某人 \/ 某物一直……”

I'm sorry I've kept you waiting. 很抱歉,讓你久等了。

keep a record 保持記錄,

keep in touch (with)保持與……的聯絡

keep out (of) 把……關在外面

keep up 保持;使……不能入睡

keep one's \/ an eye on密切注視

keep away (from) 離開

keep in mind 牢記 keep one's word 遵守諾言

5.in need 需要;需求in danger 在危險中 in trouble在困境中

in silence 在沉默中 in good health 在好的健康狀態中

6.a couple of 幾個;一些= a few 後接可數名詞複數

a couple of 一對 ,優指夫妻、情侶

I’ll be back in a couple of days.

7.a bit 稍微;有點兒

(1)a bit和a little在肯定句中, 修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞和比較級,\"一點兒\"。

The speaker spoke up a bit\/a little so as to make himself heard more clearly.

演講者把嗓門提高了一點兒,以便使別人聽得更清楚。

(2)a little可以直接作定語修飾名詞,

a bit修飾名詞,需後面加of構成短語 ,兩者都只能修飾不可數名詞

There is a little\/a bit of food left for lunch. 午飯只能吃剩下的一點食品了。

8.decide v 決定→-decision n 決定

(1)decide to do sth= make up one’s mind to do sth 決定做某事

(2)make a decision 做決定

9.no longer = not ... any long 不再

【在句中位置】no longer 位於助動詞、情態動詞或實意動詞之後;

not ... any longer not 常與助動詞或情態動詞連用,any longer 位於句末。

I no longer live in this city. = I don’t live in this city any longer.

10.某種; 某事;某人 (在句中只能做定語,常與不定代詞a連用,可修飾單、複數名詞)

A certain person called on me yesterday.

(2) adj. 確實的,無疑的

be certain of 對某事有把握 They are certain of success.

be certain to do sth 肯定做某事 He is certain to come.

be certain +that確信 I’m certain that he’ll come.

11.to be honest = to tell (you) the truth老實說;說實話

honest adj. 誠實的(反)dishonest adj. 不誠實的

an honest boy 一個誠實的男孩

12.do with 處理;對付(某人或某物)

deal with 處理 與how 連用

do with 處理 與what 連用

do with

處理;強調處理的物件,常與what連用

I don’t know what to do with these letters.

deal with

處理;強調處理的方式,常與how連用

He taught me how to deal with pressure.

13.by

(1)by doing sth 透過…方式 by studying with a group

【注】介詞短語作方式狀語,回答以How開頭的問句, 表示“怎樣做”。

(2)by+ 交通工具(交通工具前不能加限定詞)

by bike by train

(3)by the way 順便問一下 by accident= by chance 偶然地 by mistake 錯誤地

one by one 一個接一個 step by step 一步一步地 little by little 逐漸地

by the time 到……為止 by oneself 獨自地

by and by 不久之後

15.among prep在(其中); …….之一

among

介詞,三個或三個以上之中

The girl disappeared among the crowd

between

介詞;兩者之間between … and …

I sit between Sue and Jane.

16. be back 返回 (強調狀態,若表示“回到某地” 則要在其後加介詞to)

We are all happy to be back to school after the long holiday.

go back 走回來 get back 回去 come back 回來

give back 歸還 run back 跑回 look back 回顧

17. regard 將……認為,把……視為

regard…with… 對……持某種態度

regard … as … 把…… 當作…… I regard you as my friend.

18.consider v 考慮=think about

consider doing sth 考慮做某事

後跟動名詞的動詞和短語:

完成,實踐, 值得, 忙(finish, practice, be worth, be busy)

考慮,建議,不禁, 想 (consider, suggest, can’t help, feel like)

錯過,習慣,放棄 (miss, be used to, give up )

繼續,喜歡,介意 ( keep on, enjoy, mind)

19.世紀的表達法:

(1)in the + 序數詞 + century

He was born in the 20th century.

(2)在….世紀…… 年代 in the 1750s 18世紀50年代